Arts Unite

To start off our theme this week of appropriation and ownership issues in the arts, today's music post will discuss these problems.

The Greek philosopher Pythagoras was obsessed with music and math, and considered them to be two related forms of the language of God. Today we'll look at some resources that explore music and math.

Bouncing off of the previous two days posts on integrating Dance with Math and Visual Arts with Math lets finally look at a lesson plan that integrates theater and math together. This lesson plan along with several others came from this site.



Can You Measure Up?

Lesson Overview:
After reading Janet Stevens and Susan Stevens Crummel's book Cook-A-Doodle-Doo!, primary students will engage in dramatization and a variety of measuring activities that include estimation, equivalents, and elapsed time. Students will work collaboratively to conduct measuring "experiments", record their findings, and present their findings in final reports.

Length of Lesson:
Three 45 minute class periods

Notes:
This lesson is particularly suitable for grades K-2.


Instructional Objectives:

Students will:
dramatize a story using facial expression, roleplaying, and improvisation.
identify and use common organizational structures such as chronological order.
work collaboratively in lab groups to conduct "experiments" about the following concepts: time measurement, subdivision of units, equal parts, and estimation as a strategy.
demonstrate understanding of these concepts through presentation of their findings in oral reports and written essays.



Supplies:

For the Teacher:
*Cook-A-Doodle-Doo! by Janet Stevens and Susan Stevens Crummel

For the Student:
*Chart paper
*Book
*Coffee can
*Rulers
*Tape measures
*Several balls of yarn
*Scissors
*Clock with second hand
*Pencils
*Markers
*Dice
*Measuring cups
*Measuring spoons
*Rice, dried corn, peas and/or beans
*Pitcher
*Newspaper
*Roll of plastic
*Masking tape
*Water

Instructional Plan:

Warm Up
Ask students if they have ever cooked anything by themselves or with another family member or friend. Have students share information about the dishes they have had experience preparing. Then ask them to list important components they needed in order to prepare their dish, such as ingredients, directions, kitchen tools, etc. Make a list of these items on a chart.

Directed Instruction
Tell students that today they will hear a story about animals that make strawberry shortcake, but run into a few problems along the way. Read the story Cook-A-Doodle-Doo! As you read the story, ask students to listen carefully for the problems encountered by the characters. Tell students to raise their hands if they hear a problem. Call on one student and ask them to pretend they are talking to that animal and attempt to clear up the misunderstanding. An example in the story is when Iguana dashes outside to get the flour and comes back with a petunia.

Pick a student, who has raised his/her hand, to explain to Iguana why a petunia is the wrong kind of flour. Explain that there are many words in the English vocabulary that sound the same but are spelled differently. Ask students if they can list any of these. Write them on the board as students list these words. Explain that these types of words are called homonyms. Examples include "bear" and "bare", "hear" and "here", etc. After one or more students have had a turn to clear up Iguana's misunderstanding, continue reading and find out how Rooster resolves the misunderstanding. Continue reading the story and allow students to correct the mistaken conclusions.

After finishing the story, tell the students they will get a chance to dramatize the story. Have students list the characters in the story. You may want to discuss traits of each character. Have students determine the setting of the story. Then ask students how they will set up the classroom to become the setting for their dramatization. Chart a brief retelling of the sequence of events so students will be ready to dramatize. Choose four students to play the roles of Rooster, Iguana, Turtle and Potbellied Pig. The other students can be the Dog, Cat, Goose and the audience. (Note: You will play the narrator for the first performance.)

Using the book, tell the story with the students recreating the individual parts. When you come to each character's part, students will improvise dialogue using their own words but keeping in line with the story. (Some students will want to use the exact language in the book while more confident students may naturally improvise. Both choices are acceptable.) Discuss beforehand the meaning of improvisation and give students a few examples. You may wish to repeat this process giving all students a chance to play individual parts and also act as narrator. Dramatize several times so most students get a chance to play a main role. As students repeat the dramatization, they will become more comfortable and begin improvising more. Leave the book out for students to read on their own time or to use for extension activities (see Extensions section.)

For the next class, have the following centers set up with all appropriate materials before students arrive:

Center 1: Supplies for this center include Reading and Understanding Three-Digit Numbers worksheet, pencils, and dice.
Center 2: Supplies for this center include Estimating Size worksheet, pencils, balls of yarn, books, coffee cans, rulers or tape measures, or both.
Center 3: Measuring Supplies for this center include Data Sheet for Measuring worksheet, pencils, newspaper or plastic to cover table, measuring cups, measuring spoons, dry ingredients such as rice beans or corn, pitchers of water.
Center 4: Understanding Time Supplies for this center include Data Sheet for Understanding Time, pencils, and a clock with a second hand.

During the math lesson of the day, remind students of the story they heard earlier, Cook-A-Doodle-Doo! Ask students to recall any math skills the animals needed to make their strawberry shortcake. You may wish to go through the book as you make a list of all the math skills that are needed. Include the following skills:

knowing how to read three digit numbers to turn on the oven to the correct temperature
estimating to know what size bowl for all of the ingredients
fractions for measuring ingredients and understanding time

Tell students that today they will get to practice some of these skills at math centers. Explain each center to students. Divide class into four groups, and assign each group to a math center. Using a simple flow chart, display how students are to move to each center. For example, Center 1 goes to Center 2, Center 2 to Center 3, etc. At each center, have multiple copies of the applicable worksheets and the Rotation Chart. Give students approximately 10-15 minutes at each center. Use a signal for students to switch, e.g. a bell or turning off lights. If students need more time, be flexible.

Independent Activity
As students work in their groups at each center, circle the room to assist students, answer questions, informally assess students, and prevent any behavior problems.

Center 1: Reading and Understanding Three Digit Numbers
Each student rolls a die three times and records the three-digit number he/she makes. Example: A student rolls a 4-2-1. He/she records the number 421.
When all students in the group have had a turn to roll the die and record their number, each student will read his/her 3 digit number and determine whose has the largest number. The student with the largest number wins. Students play until someone wins 3 out of 5 times or it is time to rotate centers. (Note: you may wish to alternatively have the student with the smallest number win.)
Center 2: Estimating Size
Students must look at several objects on the table (i.e. a book, a container, etc.) They will cut a piece of yarn that they estimate to be the height and or width of the object.
Students measure each piece of yarn with a ruler or tape measure and record the information on a piece of paper. An example is a book with an estimated yarn length of 5 inches.
When all students are finished estimating and recording, they may use the ruler or tape measure on the table to find the exact measurements and record it next to their estimates. Students can then record the difference between their estimate and the exact measurement.
Center 3: Data Sheet for Measuring
Table will be covered with newspaper or a plastic tablecloth.
Using measuring cups and measuring spoons, students measure dry ingredients including rice, corn, or beans. Students will record their findings on their worksheets.
Students should answer the following questions: How many tablespoons of rice equal 1/4 cup? 1/3 cup? 1/2 cup? 1 cup? Repeat the same measurements for the corn and the beans. How many 1/4 cups equal a 1/2 cup or 1 cup? How many 1/3 cups equal 1 cup? (Note: You may wish to have available a liquid ingredient such as water to conduct the same measurements.)
Center 4: Data Sheet for Understanding Time

Table will have a clock with a second hand and a chart that states 60 seconds = 1 minute, 60 minutes = 1 hour.
Students take turns being the "timer." The timer asks students to put their heads down, close their eyes and raise their hands when they think a minute has gone by. They need to keep their hands up until the timer calls one minute.
Students will discuss their thoughts about their estimation. Then the timer conducts the experiment again. Students should discuss if they thought it was easier to make an accurate estimation the first or the second time, and explain why.
Students then take turns being the timer and using other increments of time, such as 10 seconds, two minutes etc.

Note: If you can get access to computers with Internet capability, have students explore the interactive, Crunch the Numbers to review measurement skills and reinforce what they learned during the independent activities.

When students have completed all four centers, take about 5-10 minutes and have them meet within their groups to discuss their findings. Have each group choose a reporter for each activity and then have the class sit as a whole and listen to the different reporters. After each group has presented their reports, have the class discuss the findings. Have all students write a short one-page essay that explains, based on what they learned from their experiments, what they would change about the book or how they could better help the animals.

Assessment:
Use the Assessment Rubric to evaluate student learning and progress.

Extensions:
Students can make costumes or masks to depict the traits of the characters in the story. These masks can be used for their dramatizations.
Make "Great-Granny's Magnificent Strawberry Shortcake" per the recipe in the book. While making the cake, discuss and record how the ingredients change when cut, beaten, whipped, mixed and baked.
Change one or more ingredients in the recipe for "Great-Granny's Magnificent Strawberry Shortcake". Write the new recipe, create a new name for the cake, and draw a picture of the finished cake.
Create an ongoing center where students can practice measuring with a variety of tools such as pints, quarts, gallons, metric measurements, etc. and materials (liquid as well as dry)

Sources:


Print:
Crummel, Susan Stevens and Stevens, Janet. Cook-a-Doodle-Doo! Harcourt Children's Books, 1999.


Web:
Math and Children's Literature
http://www.carolhurst.com/subjects/math/math.html
National Center for Mathematics and Science
http://www.thecoo.edu/~apeter/math_sites.htm
Scholastic
http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/sendhome/ect/homeeng0998.htm

Authors:
Diane Ambur, Retired Staff Development and Mentor Teacher
Montgomery County Public Schools, MD

What do you think about this lesson? Would you have learned math any better if you had been taught math this way? Do you think most teachers are doing this?

** We are still currently looking for a regular contributor to our Theater Thursday posts. If you know someone who would be interested please leave a comment!

Building off our Arts and Math partnership yesterday I thought I would continue the trend by posting a lesson plan that pairs the visual arts with math. This lesson plan came for ArtsEdge which is on our resource list, it is a great place to go for finding integrated arts lesson plans! You can find the original lesson plan posted here along with the supplemental resources to go along with it!







Mandalas and Polygons


Lesson Overview:
Mandalas, symmetrically-designed polygons, are found throughout the natural and man-made world, and in the arts of many cultures. Students will explore the cultural background of mandalas, then learn to make their own mandalas that incorporate polygons, symmetry, and color scheme.


Length of Lesson:
Four 45-minute class periods

Instructional Objectives:
Students will:
review elements and basic vocabulary of geometry.
apply geometry skills to increase understanding of polygons.
learn about the history and cultural background of mandalas.
combine their knowledge of polygons and understanding of mandalas to design their own mandalas.
correctly incorporate polygons, symmetry, and color scheme in the design of their mandalas.

Supplies:
Rulers and compasses
8" x 11" drawing paper
Pencils and colored pencils

Instructional Plan:
Warm Up
(Note: Prior to this lesson, you and your students should have a strong, working knowledge of basic geometry, including commonly-used vocabulary and how to use a compass.)
Distribute the geometry Vocabulary handout. Discuss the terms with students, and have them draw examples on the board of selected polygons described in the handout. Review and demonstrate the correct use of a ruler and compass to create circles and polygons. Have students explore the page, Fraction Shapes. This page may help your students to identify relational patterns in shapes. Another exercise, which can be completed offline, during class or for homework, is the Hidden Polygon Activity.
Directed Instruction Mandala, which loosely translates to "circle" or "magic circle", symbolizes balance and unity. Mandalas are found throughout the natural and man-made world, from Tibet to parts of North America. They are used for spiritual guidance and artistic growth. To introduce the origins and significance of mandalas, have students visit the following sites: Exploring The Mandala and The Mandala Project. You may wish to have your class look at examples of mandalas drawn by students.
Students will now combine their knowledge of polygons and understanding of basic mandala structure to create their own mandala. Use the following directions:
Distribute large white paper.
Using a compass, each student will draw an 8" circle on the paper.
Divide the circle in half, and then in fourths with a light pencil line.
Each student should draw a design using their rule and compass in one of the four areas of the circle.
Once the design is completed in the first area, students should repeat the same design in the other three areas of the circle.
Briefly discuss symmetry with students, then have them color the design using not more than four colors.
Independent Activity Each student should have one large piece of white paper, compass, and ruler. Students will design a mandala using at least four different polygons. Have students write the names of polygons they use at the bottom or on the back of their paper. Group students, or allow them to pair off, and share their design before adding color. Students should offer each other constructive suggestions on how to improve the design, symmetry, or potential color scheme. Once they have selected a color scheme that will enhance the symmetry of their design, have students begin adding color to their mandala.
Have students mount their completed mandala on poster board, and display them in the class. Engage students in discussion about what polygons they used in their design, and they created more intricate designs.

Assessment:
Students will assess themselves, and what they have learned about mandalas, by writing a short one-page reflection. Students should describe the significance of their mandala design in their reflection. In addition to the reflection, use the Assessment Rubric to evaluate students learning.

Sources:
Print:
Fincher, Susanne. Creating Mandalas. California. Shabhala Publications, 1991.
Foster, Walter. Mandala Sand Art. California. Walter Foster Publishing, 2004.
Hund, Wolfgang. Seasonal Mandalas. Utah, Publisher’s Press, 2001.
Web:
Exploring The Mandala http://www.askasia.org/for_educators/instructional_resources/ lesson_plans/mandala/mandala.htm
Geometry Online http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/Geom/
The Mandala Project http://www.mandalaproject.org/index.html

Authors:
Kim Guzzetti, TeacherCSU ChicoChico, CA

For this week's dance post we will take a look at a lesson plan that integrates dance and math together. This lesson plan along with several others come from this site.

Teaching Mathematics Through Dance and Movement
Submitted by Jan Adams, Winston-Salem/Forsyth Schools

Geometry/Spatial Reasoning
•Explore shape with positive and negative space.
•Symmetry statues and studies.
•Dance combination reversals.
•Mirroring reversals.
•Statues with flips, slides.
•Moving pathways, then mapping (big to little, little to big).
•Pathway dances, machines.
•Movement tessellations.

Image source here

Numeration
*Make sets of matched shapes or movements
•What fraction of the whole class is doing a given movement? How would you represent that fraction as a percentage?
•Shape puzzles - problem solving individually or in groups of two or more: "Create a statue with a partner with seven body parts touching the floor."
•Matrix choreography: forward or backward steps add or take away tens. Lateral steps or take away ones. Make up a combination, then figure out what number you would land on if your beginning point was 1 - how about 14?

Measurement
•Predict, then measure how many steps, tiptoes, leaps it will take to cross a room. Discuss non-standard units of measure exemplified by different people's leaps.
•Measure a variety of steps, crawls or leaps on a measurement chart.
•Perimeter dances with a partner. Figure out a sequence of movement that leas you in a rectangle (i.e. 8 slides to right, 4 zigzag jumps back, 8 slides left, 4 zigzag jumps forward). Before you can perform it to music with your partner, you must figure out the perimeter and the area of your dance space.
•Create a map of your school by sending two students out to measure with footsteps each hallway. You may also send students in to measure gym or media center or lunchroom. Then reduce their measurement to an agreed scale (i.e. 10 paces = 1 inch). Have them with their partner cut out a strip (for halls) or a rectangle (for large rooms) of paper and assemble map on large board. Create legend, including scale used.

Calculation
* With vinyl numbers spread around room, dance or move to another number. Figure out an addition, subtraction, multiplication or division problem that has that number for an answer. Write down on paper. The paper will provide information for assessment.

Graphing/Probability/Statistics
•Line graph dance. Record your dances through a simple line graph. Put movements along one side of chart and amount of time in units of 8 counts along bottom.
•With vinyl numbers spread around room, put on music and hop, skip, dance to another number. When music is turned off, stop on the nearest number. What is the probability that you will land on an even number? A number above 6? With pencil and paper in hand, go through process 10 times. Gather data and find out.
•Stand on a vinyl number. Notice the color you are on. As you move to another vinyl number, count the number of skips (or hops or walks, etc) that you are taking and you may only land on the same color. If you are moving to another number and someone gets to the color ahead of you, you must proceed to another vinyl square of your color. Count your skips, or hopes, or walks. Repeat 10 times and record the number of steps it took you to get there. What is the median number of steps that you took? The range? The mode?

Patterns/Classification
•Look at two shapes. How are they alike? How different?
•Draw shapes using the least lines possible to capture body shape. Write down how shapes are alike, how they are different.
•Look at a group of shapes or movement patterns. Group according to similar properties.
•Create dances with rhythmic patterns. Interlock those patterns by creating dances "in canon."
•Create movement patterns and movement tessellations.

What are your thoughts about this lesson? Please post your comments!

** We are still looking for a regular contributor for Dance Tuesday. If you know someone who would be interested please leave a comment!

So far, we've talked about why it's important to include contemporary music in your curriculum. But what if it scares you and your students say "it's weird"?

Today's post is for you. A basic understanding of how to listen to contemporary music will help teachers and students use this tool for their maximum benefit.

First, some of the major composers, their works, and some things to listen for in their music.

Steve Reich: known as a "minimalist" composer, Reich's music revolves around repeating patterns and the way that these patterns interact with each other as they fall in and out of "phase" (very much like certain properties of light and sound waves; his music could be used in a lesson about these topics). Try listening to one instrument, repeating over and over again. Listen how small changes in, for example, the clarinet line, affect the overall motion of the music. Reich's music reminds many people of cities, and some would say he is heavily influenced by jazz. Here's a Youtube video of the London Steve Reich Ensemble performing "Eight Lines," which is for. . . you guessed it, eight instruments.George Crumb is known as an avant-garde composer, searching for new ways to make and hear music through "extended techniques." Try listening for the many different sounds Crumb can make through one instrument, such as the voice. List and describe the different "sound characters" in this recording of Ancient Voices of Children:

Last week we looked at a very organized group of elementary students who were part of a theater camp (see post here). This week I thought we could take a look at how theater is often incorperated into the gerneral elementary curriculum. There is a common componant of the reading curriculum called "readers theater" and the concept is that the students read from the script and act out their parts to bring the stories to life, rather than sitting at their desks and reading. Sounds great right?
There are many examples of Readers Theater clips on You Tube. Take a look at these two very different examples :





What are your thoughts? Do these qualify as examples of theater being integrated into the classroom?